Expressive (formalist) Elements: 

• Workers framed by factory machinery (wheel) 
• Deep depth of field 
• Kuleshov effect and cross fade (relates images) – factory owner looking at the factory workers, finds it funny
• High angle tracking shot of the factory – expressive camera movement 
• Expressive lighting e.g. high contrast, silhouette 
• Montage 
• Action reaction shots 
• Puddle shot – reverse motion (rotated film? Upside down, reverse?)
• Repetition of chimneys 
• Expressive and exaggerated performances 
• Corridor set – many doors, busy people, crowded 
• Low level shot of factory chimneys 

Visual Representation of Sound: 

• Written speech (dialogue – text) – title cards 
• over-acting/expressive acting to make up for the lack of audible dialogue and therefore get meaning across

Extent and Limits of Verisimilitude: 

• Dark shadows (man with pipe etc) – stylistic, not real life (high key lighting)
• Workers working in the factory – real life
• Over-acting to make up for lack of sound – not real life (e.g. factory owner looking at the workers)
• Black and white/monochrome – changes the way that we view the film 
• Only non-diegetic sound, which audiences wouldn’t even of heard at the time 
• Shot in a factory 
• Ordinary costumes 
• No stars in the film

Positioning and Address of the Viewer:

• Lenin quote tells the audience what to think/believe 
• Addresses the viewer through written speech 
• Laughing factory owner – looking directly at the camera – laughing at us? Mocking the working class in the audience? Positioning us as the factory workers?

Context and Messages:

• Propaganda film e.g. Lenin quote (all got to work together)
• First state Film Factory 
• Factory owner is evil 

Narrative Devices and Structure: 

• Strength that can be found when workers work together – Lenin quote opens the film 
• Montage – introduces us to factory and factory workers
• Told straight away that the film is split into parts